Lesvos island has very good climate and surface conditions, and that is why has one of the most rich flora of the world and this contributes to the islands aesthetics. The ancient lyric poet Sappho writes about the plants of Lesvos, while the philosopher Theophrastus records systematically a great number of plants and is considered as the founder of Botanic.  

      Today, more than 1.400 plants belong to Lesvos flora and the island could characterized as a "Botanic Paradise" : aromatic- pharmaceutical, decorative and rare plants, trees and bushes. 

The western side of Lesvos island, is barren but east, south and central Lesvos is full of olive trees (11.000.000 olive trees), pine trees, platans, oak trees e.t.c. 

   We have to mention the existence of Rhododendron Luteum Sweet, that there is nowhere else in Greece, only in Lesvos.

 Is a deciduous bush up to 4,5 m. high, with big fine yellow flowers and leaves. Grows in moisture, sandy and loamy soils and we can see it from 60m high up to the top of the mountain Profit Elias ( 799m.).

You can alsa see the plants Nerium oleander, Pteris aquillina, Sallow ( Salix fragillis ), arbutus ( Arbutus unedo ),  Hedera helix ,  Castanea satina e.t.c.   

    The forests of the island offer a shelter to birds and animals, mainly to the mammals like the squirrel  ”Sciurus Anomalus”, while the biggest mammal is the fox.

At the kind of snakes the only poisonous belongs to the category ”Vipera Xanthina”. 

From the birds, great interest shoes the partridge  ”Alectoris Chuvar”. 

    A very interesting ecosystem is the ecosystem Wetland of Kalloni Gulf that consists of the Kalloni and Polichnitos salt pans, streams, pine tree forests, and olive trees.

More than 134 species of birds have recorded, 66 of these are emigrational.

    Between the species you can see flamingos, kingfishers and other strange birds. The last few years observatory posts have constructed and ecosystem's protection increases day by day.